— 自动化运维 Leaning—
Killer.sh CKS模拟题
Use context: kubectl config use-context workload-stage
A security scan result shows that there is an unknown miner process running on one of the Nodes in cluster3. The report states that the process is listening on port 6666. Kill the process and delete the binary.
Use context: kubectl config use-context infra-prod
There is an existing Open Policy Agent + Gatekeeper policy to enforce that all Namespaces need to have label security-level set. Extend the policy constraint and template so that all Namespaces also need to set label management-team. Any new Namespace creation without these two labels should be prevented.
Write the names of all existing Namespaces which violate the updated policy into /opt/course/p2/fix-namespaces.
Use context: kubectl config use-context infra-prod
You have admin access to cluster2. There is also context gianna@infra-prod which authenticates as user gianna with the same cluster.
There are existing cluster-level RBAC resources in place to, among other things, ensure that user gianna can never read Secret contents cluster-wide. Confirm this is correct or restrict the existing RBAC resources to ensure this.
I addition, create more RBAC resources to allow user gianna to create Pods and Deployments in Namespaces security, restricted and internal. It's likely the user will receive these exact permissions as well for other Namespaces in the future.
(can be solved in any kubectl context)
The Release Engineering Team has shared some YAML manifests and Dockerfiles with you to review. The files are located under /opt/course/22/files.
As a container security expert, you are asked to perform a manual static analysis and find out possible security issues with respect to unwanted credential exposure. Running processes as root is of no concern in this task.
Write the filenames which have issues into /opt/course/22/security-issues.
NOTE: In the Dockerfile and YAML manifests, assume that the referred files, folders, secrets and volume mounts are present. Disregard syntax or logic errors.
继续阅读“CKS 模拟真题 Killer.sh | Question 22 | Manual Static Security Analysis”
Task weight: 2%
(can be solved in any kubectl context)
The Vulnerability Scanner trivy is installed on your main terminal. Use it to scan the following images for known CVEs:
Write all images that don't contain the vulnerabilities CVE-2020-10878 or CVE-2020-1967 into /opt/course/21/good-images.
继续阅读“CKS 模拟真题 Killer.sh | Question 21 | Image Vulnerability Scanning”
Task weight: 8%
Use context: kubectl config use-context workload-stage
The cluster is running Kubernetes 1.25.5, update it to 1.26.0.
Use apt package manager and kubeadm for this.
Use ssh cluster3-controlplane1 and ssh cluster3-node1 to connect to the instances.
继续阅读“CKS 模拟真题 Killer.sh | Question 20 | Update Kubernetes 升级k8s集群”
Task weight: 2%
Use context: kubectl config use-context workload-prod
The Deployment immutable-deployment in Namespace team-purple should run immutable, it's created from file /opt/course/19/immutable-deployment.yaml. Even after a successful break-in, it shouldn't be possible for an attacker to modify the filesystem of the running container.
Modify the Deployment in a way that no processes inside the container can modify the local filesystem, only /tmp directory should be writeable. Don't modify the Docker image.
Save the updated YAML under /opt/course/19/immutable-deployment-new.yaml and update the running Deployment.
继续阅读“CKS 模拟真题 Killer.sh | Question 19 | Immutable Root FileSystem”
Task weight: 4%
Use context: kubectl config use-context infra-prod
Namespace security contains five Secrets of type Opaque which can be considered highly confidential. The latest Incident-Prevention-Investigation revealed that ServiceAccount p.auster had too broad access to the cluster for some time. This SA should've never had access to any Secrets in that Namespace.
Find out which Secrets in Namespace security this SA did access by looking at the Audit Logs under /opt/course/18/audit.log.
Change the password to any new string of only those Secrets that were accessed by this SA.
You can use jq to render json more readable. cat data.json | jq
继续阅读“CKS 模拟真题 Killer.sh | Question 18 | Investigate Break-in via Audit Log”
Task weight: 7%
Use context: kubectl config use-context infra-prod
Audit Logging has been enabled in the cluster with an Audit Policy located at /etc/kubernetes/audit/policy.yaml on cluster2-controlplane1.
Change the configuration so that only one backup of the logs is stored.
Alter the Policy in a way that it only stores logs:
After you altered the Policy make sure to empty the log file so it only contains entries according to your changes, like using truncate -s 0 /etc/kubernetes/audit/logs/audit.log.
Task weight: 7%
Use context: kubectl config use-context workload-prod
There is a Deployment image-verify in Namespace team-blue which runs image registry.killer.sh:5000/image-verify:v1. DevSecOps has asked you to improve this image by:
Do not add any new lines to the Dockerfile, just edit existing ones. The file is located at /opt/course/16/image/Dockerfile.
Tag your version as v2. You can build, tag and push using:
cd /opt/course/16/image
podman build -t registry.killer.sh:5000/image-verify:v2 .
podman run registry.killer.sh:5000/image-verify:v2 # to test your changes
podman push registry.killer.sh:5000/image-verify:v2
Make the Deployment use your updated image tag v2.继续阅读“CKS 模拟真题 Killer.sh | Question 16 | Docker Image Attack Surface”